What is a sampling method in research?

A sampling method in research refers to the process used to select individuals or units from a larger population to participate in a study. This process is critical because it directly affects the validity and generalizability of the research findings. By using a specific sampling method, researchers can ensure that the sample represents the broader population, thereby allowing for more accurate conclusions and inferences.

Different sampling methods, such as random sampling, stratified sampling, or cluster sampling, each have unique advantages and are chosen based on the objectives of the research and the characteristics of the population. This aspect of sampling is essential in quantitative research, where the goal is often to apply results from the sample to the entire population.

While analyzing data, interpreting qualitative data, and conducting literature reviews are important aspects of research methodology, they do not pertain specifically to the act of selecting participants from a population, which is the core concept of a sampling method. Hence, the definition provided in the correct answer accurately reflects the role of sampling in research.