Which of the following best describes observational data?

Observational data is characterized by its collection method, which involves gathering information without any manipulation or intervention by the researcher. This approach often allows for a broader spectrum of cases to be studied, reflecting real-world scenarios as they naturally occur. This method can encompass both quantitative and qualitative data, making it flexible in terms of the types of information that can be analyzed.

In contrast, data collected through experimental manipulation typically implies an intervention that alters conditions, which is not the case with observational data. Past occurrences are not a defining feature of observational data either, as it can include current and ongoing observations. Lastly, stating that observational data is purely qualitative neglects the fact that it can also include quantitative measures, such as counts or measurements taken during observations. Therefore, the emphasis on gathering data without manipulation and the inclusion of numerous cases accurately encapsulates the essence of observational data.